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Patients With Vitiligo Are Not At Higher Risk For Cancer Than General Population

The risk for cancer is not increased among patients with vitiligo compared with patients without vitiligo, according to study findings published in the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

Vitiligo has recently been acknowledged for its broader influence across body systems, possibly driven by shared inflammatory pathways and immune mechanisms. Previous studies have linked autoimmune diseases and cancer, although mixed findings have been reported on vitiligo. Therefore, investigators sought to assess cancer risk in patients with vitiligo.

The investigators conducted a population-based cohort study using the Clalit Health Services database in Israel and ICD-9 codes from 2000 through 2023 to identify patients with vitiligo.

Overall, 25,008 patients with vitiligo were matched in a 1:10 ratio with 245,550 control patients for sex, age, primary-care clinic, calendar period, and ethnicity. Among the patients with vitiligo, the mean [SD] age at diagnosis was 35.96 [22.39] years, 49.30% were women, 29.31% were Arab, and 79.50% were born in Israel. Further, 23.42% of patients with vitiligo were smokers, 25.15% had hyperlipidemia, 15.34% had obesity, and 13.52% had hypertension.

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We suggest that routine cancer screening (eg, for breast, colorectal, etc) in patients with vitiligo should be conducted only according to the screening recommendations in the general population.

The investigators noted 499 (95% CI, 468-532) incident cancer cases per 100,000 person-years among patients with vitiligo and 487 (95% CI, 476-497) incident cancer cases per 100,000 person-years among control patients without vitiligo (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.00; 95% CI, 0.93-1.07; P =.999). Median follow-up was 7.8 years among patients with vitiligo vs 7.4 years among control patients.

After adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical covariates, no significant difference was found in cancer risk between patients with vs without vitiligo (P =.999). When stratified by sex, no significant differences in cancer risk were found between women and men with vitiligo vs those without (P =.182).

A reduced risk for significant cancers was noted among patients with vitiligo including lung cancer (aHR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.57-0.93; P =.0073), bladder cancer (aHR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.52-0.94; P =.0138), and melanoma (aHR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.50-0.99; P =.0337).

Study limitations include the effect of multiple comparisons in secondary analysis.

"[O]ur study demonstrates that incidence rates of cancer are not increased in patients with vitiligo compared to healthy controls," the investigators concluded. They added, "We suggest that routine cancer screening (eg, for breast, colorectal, etc) in patients with vitiligo should be conducted only according to the screening recommendations in the general population."

Disclosure: One study author declared affiliations with biotech, pharmaceutical, and/or device companies. Please see the original reference for a full list of authors' disclosures.





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