Heart failure and edema: Treatment and life expectancy
Shortness Of Breath Can Be Caused By Heart Ailments
Express News Service
KOCHI: Pulmonary edema is a condition mostly seen in people who have a history of heart ailments. It is caused by build-up of excess fluid in the lungs, making it difficult to breathe.
"Pulmonary edema is a medical condition due to sudden fluid accumulation in the lung air spaces (alveoli). In most cases, this is caused by heart and kidney diseases. When the heart's functioning reduces, blood is not pumped throughout the body (including kidneys) properly. This leads to backlog fluid accumulation in the lungs causing pulmonary edema. As there is excess fluid in the lungs, they cannot take oxygen, causing severe breathlessness," said Dr Anand Kumar V, senior consultant cardiologist at Lakeshore Hospital.
Coronary artery disease and its consequences like heart attacks and post-attack sequelae causing reduced heart pumping, is the commonest cause of pulmonary edema. The condition can also occur due to other heart disease like cardiomyopathies (impaired heart muscle function) and damage in heart valves (blocks, leakages etc).
There are two types of pulmonary edema. "Cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema are the two types. Cardiogenic are those caused by heart diseases, while non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema is caused by infections like pneumonia, inhaling toxins and in rare cases after consuming drugs," said Dr Rony Mathew Kadavil, head of the department and senior consultant with the department of cardiology, Lisie Hospital, Kochi.
Treatment
The condition must be treated immediately. "We have to give oxygen and sedate the patient. He or she may require high oxygen therapy, non-invasive ventilation or even invasive ventilation. However, the treatment primarily is about treating the cause of the condition.
If the condition is caused by a heart failure or a cardiac cause, we need to treat it. If it is due to a valve problem, treat the valve problem. If it is pneumonia, they are given antibiotics. The underlying cause must be treated," said Rony.
The prevalence of pulmonary edema is high in the aged population. "As we get older, the chance of reduced functioning of heart and kidney is high. Thus, the prevalence is high in the aged population. If the disease is caused by infections, youngsters will also be affected," said Anand.
Preventing heart and kidney diseases by following a healthy lifestyle, diet and exercises can help. "Regular monitoring through BP and diabetes checkups are important. In the case of heart and kidney diseases, the patient must be given immediate and effective treatment. If not, the chances of pulmonary edema are high," added Anand.
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KOCHI: Pulmonary edema is a condition mostly seen in people who have a history of heart ailments. It is caused by build-up of excess fluid in the lungs, making it difficult to breathe. "Pulmonary edema is a medical condition due to sudden fluid accumulation in the lung air spaces (alveoli). In most cases, this is caused by heart and kidney diseases. When the heart's functioning reduces, blood is not pumped throughout the body (including kidneys) properly. This leads to backlog fluid accumulation in the lungs causing pulmonary edema. As there is excess fluid in the lungs, they cannot take oxygen, causing severe breathlessness," said Dr Anand Kumar V, senior consultant cardiologist at Lakeshore Hospital. Coronary artery disease and its consequences like heart attacks and post-attack sequelae causing reduced heart pumping, is the commonest cause of pulmonary edema. The condition can also occur due to other heart disease like cardiomyopathies (impaired heart muscle function) and damage in heart valves (blocks, leakages etc).Googletag.Cmd.Push(function() {googletag.Display('div-gpt-ad-8052921-2'); }); There are two types of pulmonary edema. "Cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema are the two types. Cardiogenic are those caused by heart diseases, while non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema is caused by infections like pneumonia, inhaling toxins and in rare cases after consuming drugs," said Dr Rony Mathew Kadavil, head of the department and senior consultant with the department of cardiology, Lisie Hospital, Kochi. Treatment The condition must be treated immediately. "We have to give oxygen and sedate the patient. He or she may require high oxygen therapy, non-invasive ventilation or even invasive ventilation. However, the treatment primarily is about treating the cause of the condition. If the condition is caused by a heart failure or a cardiac cause, we need to treat it. If it is due to a valve problem, treat the valve problem. If it is pneumonia, they are given antibiotics. The underlying cause must be treated," said Rony. The prevalence of pulmonary edema is high in the aged population. "As we get older, the chance of reduced functioning of heart and kidney is high. Thus, the prevalence is high in the aged population. If the disease is caused by infections, youngsters will also be affected," said Anand. Preventing heart and kidney diseases by following a healthy lifestyle, diet and exercises can help. "Regular monitoring through BP and diabetes checkups are important. In the case of heart and kidney diseases, the patient must be given immediate and effective treatment. If not, the chances of pulmonary edema are high," added Anand. Follow The New Indian Express channel on WhatsAppHeart Disease News
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Thrombolytics In Cardiac Arrest Due To Pulmonary Embolism May Lead To Return Of Spontaneous Circulation
USA: The use of intravenous (IV) thrombolytics during cardiac arrest due to presumed pulmonary embolism (PE) may provide clinical benefits, findings from a meta-analysis have shown. The findings were published online in the Journal of Intensive Care Medicine on November 30, 2023.
"Using IV thrombolytics in cardiac arrest due to presumed or confirmed PE is linked with increased return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) but not survival to hospital or change in bleeding complications," reported Jordan Feltes, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA, and colleagues.
They continued, "Currently, we recommend continuing to follow existing consensus guidelines supporting thrombolytics use for this indication."
IV thrombolytics are commonly used for patients whose underlying aetiology of cardiac arrest is presumed to be related to pulmonary embolism during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Dr Feltes and colleagues aimed to evaluate clinical outcomes in patients who received thrombolytics during cardiac arrest secondary to pulmonary embolism.
For this purpose, the researchers performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the existing literature focusing on thrombolytics use for cardiac arrest due to confirmed or presumed PE. Outcomes of interest included the return of spontaneous circulation, neurologically intact survival, survival to hospital discharge, and bleeding complications.
The review included thirteen studies comprising 803 patients. Most studies included were retrospective and single-armed.
The study led to the following findings:
The authors noted that most of the studies included were prospective observational trials, retrospective reviews, or subgroup analyses of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and demonstrated significant heterogeneity in methods and outcomes.
"The findings showed that ROSC was more common among patients who received thrombolytics compared with those who did not; however, there was no significant difference in bleeding complications or survival to hospital discharge," the researchers wrote.
"There is a need for larger randomized studies to validate this finding," they concluded.
Reference:
Feltes, J., Popova, M., Hussein, Y., Pierce, A., & Yamane, D. (2023). Thrombolytics in Cardiac Arrest from Pulmonary Embolism: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis. Journal of Intensive Care Medicine. Https://doi.Org/10.1177/08850666231214754
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