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Study Supports Minimally Invasive Procedure As Aortic Stenosis Treatment

Patients with a dysfunctional aortic heart valve who received a new, prosthetic valve through a minimally invasive procedure had similar outcomes at five years as those who underwent open-heart surgery, a new study shows.

The international multicenter study, with key contributions by the Cedars-Sinai heart team and published in The New England Journal of Medicine, offers a more complete picture to the ongoing dialogue comparing the minimally invasive heart procedure—called transcatheter aortic valve replacement, or TAVR—to open-heart surgery.

"Our data at five years validate that TAVR is a good alternative to open-heart surgery in younger patients with aortic stenosis," said Raj Makkar, MD, Cedars-Sinai's vice president of Cardiovascular Innovation and Intervention, associate director of the Smidt Heart Institute and the study's senior author. "They support routinely offering TAVR, even to patients for whom open-heart surgery wouldn't pose a high risk."

The aortic valve is one of four valves in the heart that open and close to ensure proper blood flow. Aortic stenosis occurs when narrowing in the aortic artery prevents the valve from fully opening, and this impedes the movement of blood through the heart and to the rest of the body.

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2011 for people with severe aortic stenosis who are at high risk for experiencing surgical complications. Today, minimally invasive procedures are increasingly offered to patients as an alternative to surgery.

"These findings support the approach of the Smidt Heart Institute: We individualize therapy to best address the patient's needs," said Eduardo Marbán, MD, Ph.D., executive director of the Smidt Heart Institute. "We offer each patient a comprehensive evaluation of their treatment options, which include surgery and transcatheter procedures like TAVR."

This clinical trial, called PARTNER 3, recruited patients from multiple health institutions in the U.S., Australia, Canada, Japan, and New Zealand. Investigators randomized 1,000 people with severe, symptomatic aortic stenosis to undergo TAVR or surgery. Ultimately, 496 people underwent TAVR and 454 underwent surgery.

The patients were all considered to be at low risk for surgical complications. Investigators assessed the patients before the procedure or surgery, in the days following the procedure or surgery, at hospital discharge, 30 days later, six months later, and annually for five years.

Rates of death, stroke, and rehospitalization five years post-treatment were similar between patients assigned to TAVR and those assigned to surgery. Death, stroke, or rehospitalization related to the new valve placement, procedure, or heart failure occurred in 111 of 496 patients in the TAVR group and 117 of 454 patients in the surgery group.

The findings echo those of other clinical trials that compared people who underwent TAVR versus surgery at one-, two-, and three-year intervals post-treatment.

"The choice of TAVR versus surgery should be tailored to each patient based on anatomy, which may affect the success of the first procedure and also the feasibility of a repeat TAVR procedure several years later, when the first valve has degenerated," said Makkar, who is also the Stephen R. Corday, MD, Chair in Interventional Cardiology at Cedars-Sinai.

Investigators will follow the patients enrolled in this study for 10 years to document the durability of the prosthetic valves.

More information: Transcatheter or Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement in Low-Risk Patients at Five Years, New England Journal of Medicine (2023). Www.Nejm.Org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa2307447

Citation: Study supports minimally invasive procedure as aortic stenosis treatment (2023, October 24) retrieved 29 October 2023 from https://medicalxpress.Com/news/2023-10-minimally-invasive-procedure-aortic-stenosis.Html

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Several Treatment Options Available For Spinal Stenosis

Q: I suspect my back and leg pain are related to spinal stenosis. What causes this and what treatments are available?

A: Spinal stenosis is narrowing of the central spinal canal — the channel inside the vertebrae that contains the spinal cord and nerve roots. The narrowing may have been there since birth. However, much more often spinal stenosis develops gradually later in life secondary to arthritis, bulging or herniated discs, thickened ligaments or a combination of these.

A narrowed canal in the lumbar spine can cause leg pain, tingling or numbness along with low back pain. Typically, the discomfort is worse when standing up straight or walking, with some relief by squatting or sitting.

When suspected, spinal stenosis and its cause can be confirmed by MRI or CT scan.

Initial treatment options for the most common types of spinal stenosis include:

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■ Pain medicine, such as acetaminophen.

■ Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen or aspirin.

■ Muscle relaxants, since muscle spasm may accompany nerve irritation.

■ Physical therapy for stretching, strengthening and postural training.

If there is no improvement, your doctor might recommend corticosteroids, which are powerful anti-inflammatory agents. Sometimes, doctors prescribe a short course of an oral corticosteroid, such as prednisone. Or, he or she may refer you for a limited number of corticosteroid injections . This reduces swelling and inflammation in or near the compressed nerves.

The overall success rate varies widely in the published literature.

Some studies (and doctors) are more selective than others in choosing the best candidates for these injections. Also, the specific cause (such as arthritis, disk, or ligament calcification) may play a role in the success rate. Finally, improvement in symptoms may be more dramatic soon after the injection and wane with time.

As with any treatment, there are risks to consider when receiving corticosteroid injections for spinal stenosis. These include:

■ Discomfort or numbness during the injection.

■ Bleeding along the path of the needle.

■ Local bone loss (more likely with frequent injections). Fortunately, serious complications are quite rare. Surgery is usually the last resort, but it can ease or even eliminate symptoms by relieving pressure .

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