HIV status and survival of patients with pulmonary hypertension due ...
How To Prevent Altitude Sickness
They call it the "death zone." It's a stretch of Mount Everest that's about 26,000 feet up and is strewn with something like 200 corpses permanently frozen into the landscape—a warning to other climbers that the air there is not life-sustaining. While extreme pressure and natural disasters can be killers, it's also likely that oxygen deprivation played a significant role in these folks' demise. Basically, when you can't intake more air than you expend, your organs will fail, causing you to faint and possibly not get back up again. With so many serious attached risks, it's important for those on the climb to know how to prevent altitude sickness.
You don't need to be hiking in the Himalayas to contract altitude sickness. Whether you're a flatlander going after your first western elk, or a mountain hunter looking to reach new heights on a sheep slam, you need to be aware of the dangers of climbing too high, too fast—particularly if you plan to ascend more than 1,000 feet. Read on to learn more about the different stages of altitude sickness, how to prevent it, and if people can ever become immune.
Table of ContentsWhat exactly is altitude sickness?
How to prevent altitude sickness, and how not to
Can people become immune to altitude sickness?
There are three kinds of altitude sickness: acute mountain sickness, high-altitude cerebral edema, and high-altitude pulmonary edema.
Altitude sickness is caused by the body not having enough time to react to changes in air pressure and oxygen levels that come with increased elevation. And as previously noted, it's not mountaineers who need to worry about it. Typically, any place that is 8,000 feet above sea level is considered "high altitude." Doctors and other experts warn that even a slight change—say, flying from New Orleans to Colorado—can necessitate a few days' adjustment.
To begin with, there are three kinds of altitude sickness: acute mountain sickness, high-altitude cerebral edema, and high-altitude pulmonary edema. Acute mountain sickness, the least severe of the bunch, might be something easy to write off as just feeling a bit sick, or even hungover. Symptoms include nausea, a turned stomach, and dizzy spells that come from sitting up. It's common and usually self-treatable.
High-altitude cerebral edema is a fancy way of saying someone's brain capillaries have begun to leak due to hypoxia, or oxygen deprivation. People suffering from HACE can appear drunk, as they will be clumsy, confused, and sleepy. This form of altitude sickness is dangerous enough that requires immediate medical attention, as it can lead to a coma or death.
Meanwhile, high-altitude pulmonary edema happens when the blood vessels in the lungs begin to leak fluid and fill up the lungs. It is typified by shortness of breath and by coughing up frothy, pink fluid. As you might imagine, this is incredibly dangerous and should be cared for by a doctor.
While acute mountain sickness is much less dangerous than the other two versions of altitude sickness, they're all caused by descending too quickly, and are all treated in more or less the same way.
How to—and Not to—Prevent Altitude SicknessThe earliest signs of altitude sickness can feel like a hangover, so it's important to not actually be hungover when climbing above 8,000 feet so you can know for sure whether you're heading into dangerous territory or not.
Once again, the only way to really prevent altitude sickness is to not ascend too quickly. That's fairly easy advice to apply if summiting a mountain or going on a hike. If you come from a low-lying place and are traveling to somewhere mountainous, try to plan your trip over a period of five days rather than two. Once you arrive, play close attention to how your body is reacting to the new environment.
Avoid taking sedatives or drinking excessively before bedtime, because being at a high altitude already slows down your breathing. And, as previously mentioned, the earliest signs of altitude sickness can feel like a hangover. So it's important to not actually be hungover when climbing above 8,000 feet. That way you can know for sure if you're heading into dangerous territory and need to take some time to acclimate to your new environment.
If you feel the onset of acute mountain sickness and there's no other plausible explanation as to why, stop climbing immediately. You can take ibuprofen to treat your headache, or get your doctor to prescribe other medications to alleviate your symptoms. But if you don't take anything and begin to feel better within a few days, your body is giving you the go-ahead to continue on your ascent without risk of further complications.
Sometimes, though, you don't have a say in how quickly you change altitude. Say you're flying from somewhere like Florida to the mountains. In that case, you can ask your doctor for acetazolamide, which is a medication commonly used for glaucoma. According to the Center for Disease Control, this drug can make the process of acclimatization take only a single day, rather than four or five, by stimulating ventilation. The idea is to begin taking the pills 24 hours before arriving at your destination, and then take it for another two days once arriving.
Additionally, many people are under the mistaken impression that drinking lots of water is a good way to prevent altitude sickness. The two are not actually related. However, the symptoms of dehydration are quite similar to those of acute mountain sickness. It's important to keep your fluid levels up so as to not confuse one for the other.
Can people become immune to altitude sickness?A person's tolerance for a lack of oxygen does depend, in part, on fitness levels and conditioning. That's to say, people who live at a high altitude may be less prone to acute mountain sickness, but they're not immune. According to a scientific survey conducted in 2006, about 43 percent of sherpas who participated had previously experienced one symptom when climbing significantly higher than their resting altitudes.
Conversely, studies show that exposure to extreme altitudes can cause permanent changes in the body. The brains of professional mountaineers will sometimes shrink as they lose brain cells, which causes cognitive deficiencies. In fact, a 2008 article in Scientific American detailed a study by a Spanish neurologist who took MRIs of 35 climbers with high-altitude climbing experience and found brain damage in almost all of them, even if it was outwardly unnoticeable.
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GOP Lawmakers Question Navy Probe Of SEAL Trainee Kyle Mullen's Death: 'Misdirected And Mishandled'
WASHINGTON – As a highly decorated Navy SEAL training commander's career hangs in the balance, three Republican lawmakers are demanding answers about the integrity of the investigation that is sending him to a punishment hearing, The Post has exclusively learned.
Last week, the Navy informed Capt. Brad Geary that he would face non-judicial punishment (NJP) resulting from the probe into his command following the February 2022 death of of Seaman Kyle Mullen.
For Kyle's mother, Regina Mullen, it was welcome news.
She's advocated for accountability for SEAL leaders after her son's death and wants to see change in the program.
But the punishment decision comes three months after Reps. Nick LaLota (R-NY), Morgan Luttrell (R-Texas) and Cory Mills (R-Fla.) wrote the Navy's chief of legislative affairs with concerns of potential bias in the service's investigation of the case.
"It has come to our attention that the Navy's investigation into Seaman Kyle Mullen's death has potentially been misdirected and mishandled," the lawmakers wrote in a never-before-seen congressional inquiry in June.
"We are concerned that, if true, the US Navy's actions could serve detrimental to our nation's warfighters at a time when we face grave threats to our national security," they added.
Three Republican lawmakers are questioning the integrity of the investigation into death of Navy SEAL trainee Kyle Mullen in 2022. AccountabilityMullen, 24, died after he was found unresponsive following his completion of the Navy SEAL training program's infamously grueling "Hell Week."
In a video his mother shared with The Post, Mullen appears to struggle to breathe while sitting with other trainees who had just finished the final exercise of the grueling week.
Medical examiners ruled that Mullen died from a combination of pneumonia and swimming-induced pulmonary edema — a common condition in SEAL candidates, who experience fluid buildup in the lungs after prolonged exposure to frigid waters.
Capt. Brad Geary (left) is facing non-judicial punishment following the probe into Seaman Mullen's death while during training.Naval Special Warfare CenterThe highly critical Navy investigation into Mullen's death would later depict Geary as an out-of-touch leader whose cadre of trainers pushed SEAL candidates too hard, creating an unsafe environment for trainees.
Now, the captain faces non-judicial charges of "dereliction of duty, for failing to file a report regarding safety even though they they executed the safety provisions" and a general "negligent dereliction for violation of naval regulation," his attorney Jason Wareham told The Post.
"Charging Capt. Geary with negligent dereliction … over minor record-keeping lapses and ambiguous 'supervision' regulations, despite his compliance with crucial safety standards and proactive leadership, indicates a year-long effort to make him a scapegoat, irrespective of the facts," he said.
The decision came after Navy prosecutors asked Mullen's heartbroken mother to come to Washington to state her preference of what path they should take to hold Geary accountable, she told The Post.
But before she gave her opinion, she said she spoke to someone "with more knowledge of the Navy processes" than she had.
"Basically, they told me, 'All of them will get off if it's a court-martial.' And the reason being is, it's a jury of your own peers in San Diego and they hire fancy lawyers and … they lie and they get off," she said. "So it was suggested to me by that person that I should request NJPs – administrative – asking to lower their ranks and forced them out of the Navy where they can't return."
Regina Mullen said prosecutors were "shocked" to hear she'd prefer NJP, but she explained that to her understanding, "this way something would at least happen" to the leaders.
"I think he deserves punishment, like getting kicked out of the Navy or not promoted. He could still get a lesser pension and get another job somewhere else," Regina Mullen said. "He already killed my son and injured men. If he's not there anymore, and all those people aren't there anymore and they really have oversight and you really fix it, then I've done all that I can do in my son's name."
Mullen's mother Regina holding a photo of him in uniform. Rachel Wisniewski for the New York Post Punishment pending?Wareham also suspects Geary would not have been convicted under a court-martial, because he believes the Navy doesn't have the evidence to prove he failed in his duties.
Geary, who accepted the Navy's top award for "inspirational leadership" just three months prior to Mullen's death, said he intends to fight the accusations – but should he be found guilty, it could mean the end of the his career.
"I think that punishing Geary and his fellow officers in light of their stellar records is not supported by the facts," LaLota, who reps most of Long Island, told The Post. "… We are facing complex threats to our national security from China and other aggressors, and we need more fighters like Geary and other highly competent Navy SEALs, and I want to ensure a proper process that validates that level of training."
According to medical examiners, Mullen died of a combination of pneumonia and swimming-induced pulmonary edema during Navy SEAL training's "Hell Week" in February 2022.FacebookTwo other leaders, the training center's former commander Capt. Brian Dreschler and the program's former chief medical advisor Cmdr. Erik Ramey, were also told they would face NJP.
Start your day with all you need to knowMorning Report delivers the latest news, videos, photos and more.
The Post was unable to confirm the charges facing the other officers.
The military uses NJPs as an alternative to court-martials, which involve legal consequences and can result in jail time, dishonorable discharge and fines.
However, those facing NJP can opt instead to have the case reviewed for court-martial.
Geary said he chose to accept NJP out of trust in the admiral assigned to review his case.
The problem with the accusations, LaLota said, is that the Navy appears not to have considered key evidence suggesting other factors may have contributed to Mullen's death – including his alleged illegal use of performance-enhancing drugs, which may have caused health issues that exacerbated his condition, weakening his body as it struggled to fight off the pneumonia that killed him.
"I'm deeply concerned and troubled by this course of action," LaLota exclusively told The Post, speaking publicly on the matter for the first time. "I've pledged for months to investigate this matter thoroughly and to ensure that the complete facts are brought to light."
Regina Mullen requested a NJP instead of a court-martial so that "something would at least happen" to the leaders after her son's death.Rachel Wisniewski for the New York PostIn addition to pneumonia, medical examiners noted that Mullen's heart weighed 700 grams – more than twice the size of the average male heart – and listed it as a "secondary cause."
Wareham and the lawmakers say that evidence was never fully considered by the Navy investigators.
After Mullen's death, officials discovered syringes and illegally obtained performance-enhancing drugs — including multiple forms of human growth hormone, testosterone, and other drugs, according to NCIS photos obtained by The Post.
Mullen was also seen injecting himself with a substance the week he died, an attorney with knowledge of the matter told The Post.
Unanswered questionsNavy medical examiners never tested Mullen for the PEDs discovered in his car – a move that LaLota, Luttrell and Mills wrote that they found questionable.
"It's very curious to us why an autopsy pathologist, when looking at that evidence of these controlled substances in his possession, would choose to disregard them contextually from the entire autopsy and choose not to test for them at the same time," Geary told The Post in an exclusive interview this week.
LaLota, Luttrell and Mills, who all have served in the military, asked six pages worth of provocative questions about the investigation, the service's public statements on the case and the possible undue influence of Regina Mullen.
In addition to asking why the PEDs were not tested for, the lawmakers asked why, in a press release following Mullen's death, the Navy added a sentence requested by his mother noting that drugs had not been a factor in the sailor's death.
"Given the lack of testing, is it not irresponsible to say … that PEDS were definitively NOT a contributing cause?" they asked. "…Is it the general policy of the US Navy to allow grieving mothers to shape Navy press statements that directly contradict clear and convincing evidence?"
Geary told The Post that it was "very curious" of the autopsy pathologist to not test Mullens for PEDs despite evidence of him having the drugs in his possession.Chief of Naval Operations"Would the predetermined and untrue verdict already established by this demonstrable untruth discredit the entire investigation," they added, charging that it "appears to be an institutional deception at the highest levels of the US Navy at the expense of its sailors."
The Republicans have yet to receive any response from the Navy despite setting a July 14 deadline for answers.
A service spokeswoman, when asked whether a response was coming, said the Navy "values its relationship with Congress and takes very seriously its responsibility to answer all congressional inquiries."
"As we work across multiple commands to ensure comprehensive responses, the Navy continues to provide status updates to congress," she said in a statement, which did not address to The Post's request for answers to the lawmakers' questions.
However, the nature of Geary's NJP charges may make the congressmen's questions moot in the his case, as none of his counts are directly tied to Mullen's death, Wareham said.
"It seems to me that [the Navy is] kind of talking out of both sides of their face, saying 'Look,' – and they even told me – 'this is not about the death of Kyle Mullen.'"
The sentiment enraged Mullen's mother, who told The Post she had assumed the charges against Geary were directly linked to her son's death.
Upon learning they do not, she told The Post, "I almost wish I demanded court-martial given the way they lie."
"That upset me because it is not directly connected. Then the NJPs are then a slap on the wrist and they're not what I wanted or what should be they're not harsh enough," she said. "And if they're all still allowed to be in that Navy and not separated, it's a problem."
Wareham also has concerns that Geary will not receive a fair judgment, though for the opposite reason.
"Although I'm not convinced that Capt. Geary will receive a fair NJP hearing, I do recognize the SEALs as an organization founded on unshakeable trust among its members," the attorney said. Given this, I feel obligated to believe that Capt. Geary's confidence in the admiral to fairly adjudicate him is warranted."
Pulmonary Edema Treatment Market Size, Trend, Analysis 2023-2030
Recent Analysis on the Surge of the Pulmonary Edema Treatment Market (2023-2028) (Latest 116 Report Pages) With Application (Hospitals and Clinics, Academic Institutes, Retail Pharmacies, Household, Others), by Type (Diagnosis, Treatment). Dive deep into the most recent findings that provide an in-depth look at the prominent aspects of the Pulmonary Edema Treatment market landscape. This report encompasses forecasts pertaining to aspects like revenue projections, production growth, CAGR, consumer trends, profit margins, and pricing dynamics. Beyond identifying the core factors propelling and hampering market growth, this study provides a thorough exploration of upcoming market trends and strategies.
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Major Key Players of the Market:
ARGON MEDICAL (US)
BD (US)
Alcaliber S.A. (Spain)
Hitachi Medical Corporation (US)
Vitaltec Corporation (China)
Canon Medical Systems Corporation (Japan)
Koninklijke Philips N.V. (The Netherlands)
Edwards Lifesciences Corporation (US)
Pfizer Inc (US)
Siemens Healthcare (Germany)
Lupin Pharmaceuticals (India)
Medtronic (US)
Pulmonary Edema Treatment market focuses on analyzing the current competitive situation in the Pulmonary Edema Treatment market and provides basic information, market data, product introductions, etc. Of leading companies in the industry. At the same time, includes the highlighted analysis--Strategies for Company to Deal with the Impact of COVID-19, It may also be helpful to consult with a financial who can provide direction based on your specific financial situation and goals.
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COVID-19 has had a significant impact on many industries. The pandemic has disrupted global supply chains, leading to shortages of certain goods and materials. It has also resulted in decreased demand for some products and services, as people have been staying home more and spending less money on non-essential items. Many businesses have had to close temporarily or permanently due to lockdowns and social distancing measures. Some industries, such as healthcare, online retail, and delivery services, have seen an increase in demand as a result of the pandemic. Overall, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant and far-reaching impact on the global economy.
Market Overview of Global Pulmonary Edema Treatment Market: According to our latest research, the global Pulmonary Edema Treatment market looks promising in the next 5 years. As of 2022, the global Pulmonary Edema Treatment market was estimated at USD million, and its anticipated to reach USD million in 2028, with a CAGR during the forecast years.
This report covers a research time span from 2018 to 2028, and presents a deep and comprehensive analysis of the global Pulmonary Edema Treatment market, with a systematical description of the status quo and trends of the whole market, a close look into the competitive landscape of the major players, and a detailed elaboration on segment markets by type, by application and by region.
This study also covers company profiling, specifications and product picture, sales, market share and contact information of various regional, international and local vendors of Pulmonary Edema Treatment Market. The market proposition is frequently developing ahead with the rise in scientific innovation and MandA activities in the industry. Additionally, many local and regional vendors are offering specific application products for varied end-users. The new merchant applicants in the market are finding it hard to compete with the international vendors based on reliability, quality and modernism in technology.
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Market split by Type, can be divided into: -
Diagnosis
Treatment
Market split by Application, can be divided into: -
Hospitals and Clinics
Academic Institutes
Retail Pharmacies
Household
Others
Market segment by Region/Country including: -
-North America (United States, Canada and Mexico)-Europe (Germany, UK, France, Italy, Russia and Spain etc.)-Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India, Australia and Southeast Asia etc.)-South America (Brazil, Argentina and Colombia etc.)-Middle East and Africa (South Africa, UAE and Saudi Arabia etc.)
Highlights the following Key Factors:
Bussiness Description: A detailed description of the companys operations and business divisions.
Corporate Strategy: Analysts summarization of the companys business strategy.
Swot Analysis: A detailed analysis of the companys strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats.
Company History: Progression of key events associated with the company.
Major Products And Services: A list of major products, services and brands of the company.
Key Competitors: A list of key competitors to the company.
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Key takeaways from the Pulmonary Edema Treatment market report:
Detailed considerate of Pulmonary Edema Treatment market-particular drivers, Trends, constraints, Restraints, Opportunities and major micro markets. Comprehensive valuation of all prospects and threat in the In depth study of industry strategies for growth of the Pulmonary Edema Treatment market-leading players. Pulmonary Edema Treatment market latest innovations and major procedures. Favorable dip inside Vigorous high-tech and market latest trends remarkable the Market. Conclusive study about the growth conspiracy of Pulmonary Edema Treatment market for forthcoming years.
Detailed TOC of Global Pulmonary Edema Treatment Market Insights and Forecast to 2030
Major Points from Table of Contents
Global Pulmonary Edema Treatment Market Research Report 2023-2030, by Manufacturers, Regions, Types and Applications
1 Introduction 1.1 Objective of the Study 1.2 Definition of the Market 1.3 Market Scope 1.3.1 Market Segment by Type, Application and Marketing Channel 1.3.2 Major Regions Covered (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Mid East and Africa) 1.4 Years Considered for the Study (2015-2030) 1.5 Currency Considered (U.S. Dollar) 1.6 Stakeholders
2 Key Findings of the Study
3 Market Dynamics 3.1 Driving Factors for this Market 3.2 Factors Challenging the Market 3.3 Opportunities of the Global Pulmonary Edema Treatment Market (Regions, Growing/Emerging Downstream Market Analysis) 3.4 Technological and Market Developments in the Pulmonary Edema Treatment Market 3.5 Industry News by Region 3.6 Regulatory Scenario by Region/Country 3.7 Market Investment Scenario Strategic Recommendations Analysis
4 Value Chain of the Pulmonary Edema Treatment Market
4.1 Value Chain Status 4.2 Upstream Raw Material Analysis 4.3 Midstream Major Company Analysis (by Manufacturing Base, by Product Type) 4.4 Distributors/Traders 4.5 Downstream Major Customer Analysis (by Region)
5 Global Pulmonary Edema Treatment Market-Segmentation by Type 6 Global Pulmonary Edema Treatment Market-Segmentation by Application
7 Global Pulmonary Edema Treatment Market-Segmentation by Marketing Channel 7.1 Traditional Marketing Channel (Offline) 7.2 Online Channel
8 Competitive Intelligence Company Profiles
9 Global Pulmonary Edema Treatment Market-Segmentation by Geography
9.1 North America 9.2 Europe 9.3 Asia-Pacific 9.4 Latin America
9.5 Middle East and Africa
10 Future Forecast of the Global Pulmonary Edema Treatment Market from 2023-2030
10.1 Future Forecast of the Global Pulmonary Edema Treatment Market from 2023-2030 Segment by Region 10.2 Global Pulmonary Edema Treatment Production and Growth Rate Forecast by Type (2023-2030) 10.3 Global Pulmonary Edema Treatment Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast by Application (2023-2030)
11 Appendix 11.1 Methodology 12.2 Research Data Source
Continued
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