Fighting polio, one SMS at a time! - World - ReliefWeb

Fighting polio, one SMS at a time! - World - ReliefWeb

Fighting polio, one SMS at a time! - World - ReliefWeb

Posted: 08 Nov 2019 12:00 AM PST

Health workers and community volunteers in remote and security-compromised areas across 10 African countries now rely on an SMS-based application to ferret out any possible poliovirus hiding in their midst.

The application is called AVADAR, short for "auto-visual AFP detection and reporting", with AFP referring to acute flaccid paralysis, which is a visible clinical symptom of poliomyelitis. AVADAR was developed in 2016 by the World Health Organization (WHO), in collaboration with the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the Swiss software company Novel-T, to ensure that every case of wild poliovirus is detected.

On a weekly basis, the health workers and volunteers in selected hard-to-reach districts use the AVADAR application to report whether they have noticed any child with paralysis of a limb. The districts are selected based on being deemed high risk yet have the sufficient telecommunications infrastructure that would allow the health workers and community volunteers to communicate with the investigations team.

"In the last mile of polio eradication, we are not sparing any resources to reach a polio-free world. That is why we developed the AVADAR app," says Dr Pascal Mkanda, WHO Regional Coordinator of the Polio Eradication Programme for Africa.

The Global Polio Eradication Initiative that was established in 1988 has managed to eradicate 99% of the poliovirus around the world. In the WHO African Region, no outbreaks of wild poliovirus have been detected since 2016, when the last case was found in Nigeria's Borno State. This brings the region closer towards being certified free of wild poliovirus in 2020.

AVADAR is an SMS-based mobile application used for reporting, monitoring and surveillance of poliovirus. Health workers and volunteers of a community use it to detect and report cases of acute flaccid paralysis, which is the sudden onset of paralysis or weakness in any part of the body that can be caused by polio, among children younger than 15 years. Acute flaccid paralysis could be caused by other diseases than poliomyelitis.

"Polio eradication requires that the surveillance system is sensitive enough to detect all acute flaccid paralysis cases -regardless of the disease behind it- and that such cases are promptly reported and investigated by disease surveillance personnel. This system starts at the community level," Dr Mkanda adds.

Health workers and community volunteers first received training in workshops on how to use AVADAR and then they were each handed a smartphone with the application installed. On a weekly basis, the app sends them video reminders illustrating acute flaccid paralysis cases. The app then asks: "Have you seen a child with weakness of the legs or arms that you have not previously reported?" They then select between yes or no. If yes, the health workers and community volunteers input extra information about the case, such as: child's name, date of onset of symptoms, geographic information and other details.

Once the health worker presses the "send" button, a text message is sent to a system that triggers the sending of an SMS to the government and WHO team that will investigate the case.

"In the AVADAR training workshops, we realized that some health workers and the majority of volunteers do not know the implications of acute flaccid paralysis and are unable to accurately identify such cases within their communities. The weekly AVADAR reminder videos helped improve that significantly," says Dr Godwin Akpan, WHO Regional Polio Data Manager for Africa.

Dr Godwin is part of the team behind the innovation of the AVADAR application and trains health workers and community members on its use.

AVADAR was first piloted in Nigeria in 2016 and has been rolled out since 2017 in 99 districts of 10 African countries: Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Sierra Leone and South Sudan.

As of October 2019, AVADAR has detected 1019 confirmed acute flaccid paralysis cases after health workers and community volunteers sent out 25,747 alerts through the application. None of those cases were polio cases. This marks a significant enhancement to the existing surveillance system that faces difficulties in remote and high-risk areas.

"Innovation and new technologies are our hope to finally make the feat of eradicating polio a reality. Thanks to the Global Polio Eradication Initiative, today, we are closer than ever to eradicating polio," concludes Dr Mkanda.

For Additional Information or to Request Interviews, Please contact:

AbdelHalim Abdallah

Polio Communications Officer\ Email: habdallah@who.int\ Tel: +201123000665 (WhatsApp)

Collins Boakye-Agyemang

Communications and marketing officer\ Tel: + 242 06 520 6565\ Email: boakyeagyemangc@who.int

Symptom: Pulsatile Tinnitus : The Hearing Journal - LWW Journals

Posted: 26 Nov 2019 11:20 AM PST

Wolters Kluwer Health

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Paralysis, pain and iron lungs: Why parents once dreaded polio season - San Luis Obispo Tribune

Posted: 10 Nov 2019 12:00 AM PST

[unable to retrieve full-text content]Paralysis, pain and iron lungs: Why parents once dreaded polio season  San Luis Obispo Tribune

Children remain at risk due to low immunization - Pakistan - ReliefWeb

Posted: 08 Nov 2019 12:00 AM PST

Islamabad

The Pakistan polio programme has detected transmission of Sabin-Like Type 2 Derived (SLT2D) poliovirus through its disease surveillance system.

The virus has caused seven cases of paralysis in recent months, mainly in the Northern parts of the country. Outbreaks of polio occur where a large number of children are under-immunized.

The only way to reduce the risks of further transmission is to address gaps in immunization coverage. The programme is working on a comprehensive outbreak response that includes rounds of vaccination in the area to protect every child under the age of five years.

The programme has also enhanced its acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance by active search for additional cases, increasing testing of contacts of cases and strengthening environmental surveillance.

Outbreaks of the same virus have recently been reported in Philippines, China, Indonesia, Nigeria, Democratic Republic of Congo and several other countries in Africa and are caused by gaps in immunization coverage. If a population is fully immunized against polio, it will be protected against the spread of all polioviruses.

Through the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) schedule, children in Pakistan receive routine immunization against 10 vaccine-preventable diseases (Childhood Tuberculosis, Poliomyelitis, Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Hepatitis B, Haemophilus Influenza Type b, Pneumonia, Diarrhea and Measles). Through the service pregnant women are also vaccinated against Tetanus.

The polio programme is coordinating closely with EPI on strengthening services to ensure all children receive essential vaccinations.

A healthy future for the children of Pakistan remains the top priority. Parents are requested to ensure any child under 5 years of age in their care is vaccinated during upcoming rounds, even if they have been previously vaccinated.

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