Poliomyelitis

Introduction Osteoarticular infections are clinically manifest as osteomyelitis, Septic arthritis, and both combined. 1 Osteomyelitis is defined as the presence of clinical features (tenderness, pain, swelling, redness restriction of movement) and had at least one or more of the following: fever higher than 37.5 °C, leukocytosis [white cell count (WCC)] >13,000/mL, raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) > 20 mm or a positive blood culture, while septic arthritis is defined as all clinical features of lab results similar to osteomyelitis but mostly restricted to the joints. 2 Annually, approximately 7.3 million children die globally, and out of these 50% of children's deaths occur in just five countries – Nigeria, Democratic Republic Congo, Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Uganda. The common cause of death for these children is an infection, of which osteoarticular infection is one. 3 It is estimated that 0.1–30% of pediatric populations are affected by osteoarticula...

BLOOMINGTON, Ind. -- Since the pandemic struck the United States more than a year ago, Indiana University Bloomington virologist John Patton, graduate student Asha Philip and others have been working on a COVID-19 vaccine for young children, based on a well-established childhood vaccine for the common illness rotavirus. Currently, no available COVID-19 vaccines have been authorized for use in children younger than 16. By reverse-engineering the rotavirus genome to serve as a vector for the now-familiar SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, the research team succeeded in generating genetically stable recombinant rotaviruses that contain portions of the spike protein, which could lead to a combined rotavirus-COVID-19 vaccine to replace current widely used rotavirus vaccines. "Our findings raise the possibility of constructing rotavirus vaccine strains that are capable of protecting against not only rotavirus but also COVID-19," Philip said. Patton is a professor of biology and Blatt Chair ...

[unable to retrieve full-text content] May we never return to time sans vaccines    Citrus County Chronicle

The SARS-CoV-2 infection that causes COVID-19 can be contagious for around 2 weeks, but the exact duration varies from person to person. People with the infection can infect others before they develop symptoms, even if they experience no symptoms at all. The novel coronavirus is highly contagious. It spreads through tiny droplets or direct contact with someone carrying the infection. The best method of preventing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 is to self-isolate and follow all government guidelines following a possible infection. Read on to find out more about how and when COVID-19 is contagious, and how to treat and prevent the infection. A 2020 review of data from 5,340 people with SARS-CoV-2 infections suggested that people are most contagious within the first week of illness. The study used the number of detectable viral cells in the upper respiratory tract as a rough measure of how contagious people might be. The study found that SARS-CoV-2 causes this peak infectious period to occur e...

[unable to retrieve full-text content] FDA Approves Vaxneuvance Pneumonia Vaccine, Effective Against 15 Serotypes    Infectious Disease Special Edition

Mya Breitbart has hunted novel viruses in African termite mounds, Antarctic seals and water from the Red Sea. But to hit pay dirt, she has only to step into her back garden in Florida. Hanging around her swimming pool are spiny-backed orbweavers ( Gasteracantha cancriformis ) — striking spiders with bulbous white bodies, black speckles and six scarlet spikes that make them look like a piece of medieval weaponry. Even more striking for Breitbart, a viral ecologist at the University of South Florida in St Petersburg, was what was inside. When she and her colleagues collected a few spiders and ground them up, they found two viruses previously unknown to science 1 . Although we humans have been focused on one particularly nasty virus since early 2020, there are legions of other viruses out there waiting to be discovered. Scientists estimate that there are about 10 31 individual viral particles inhabiting the oceans alone at any given time — 10 billion times the estimated number of stars i...

Barber's itch — also called tinea barbae and ringworm of the beard — is a fungal infection that often develops on the skin underneath the beard. It can also occur on the neck, chin, and upper lip. It's caused by two types of animal fungi: T. verrucosum (from cattle) and T. mentagrophytes var. equinum (from horses). Barber's itch can spread after direct contact with an animal or person who carries the fungus. Read on to learn more about barber's itch, including its common symptoms, causes, and treatment. The most common symptom of barber's itch is a ringworm-like rash on the skin underneath the beard. This rash is circular in shape with red, scaly lesions. Barber's itch can also cause itching and mild pain. Skin patches range in size from 1 to 5 centimeters (cm), but some people have large, pus-filled acne lesions around their hair follicles. Hair loss is another symptom. Barber's itch affects people differently, though. Less common symptoms include a fever...